Tumour markers assay serum CA125 and Ca153. A preliminary report of USM experience

Cancer is one of the most important medical problems in today's world and in Malaysia it is one of the leading causes of death.Although development of cancer takes a considerable amount of man's life span, it is however possible to detect its early pre-cancerous stage.Death due to cancer may be avoided if detected early and this is usually done by biochemical measurement of tumour markers. Tumour Markers are substances which are related to the presence or progress of a tumour. They include proteins such as enzymes and peptides which are secreted into body fluids by tumours and antigens which are expressed on cell surfaces.In contrast, tumour markers also play a critical role in the monitoring and treatment of patients with cancer. The method employed for this preliminary/pilot study is based on ELISA technique. The CA 125 enzyme immunoassay kit was purchased from TECO USA which uses a monoclonal antibody.It is specific for surface antigen derived from a papillary serous cyst adenocarcinoma. Elevated CA 125 serum levels are also found in patient with serious endometrium and fallopian tube

Effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on seed germitantion of Stevia rebaudiana = Kesan N-Metil-N-Nitrosourea pada percambahan biji benih stevia rebaudiana

Stevia rebaudiana is a unique plant that contains non-caloric natural sweetener and has gained much interest among Malaysians. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was assessed in inducing mutation in Stevia seeds to produce genetic variations, which is valuable for crop improvement. Stevia seeds were soaked in six concentrations of MNU (0.0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50, and 1.00 mM) for four different durations (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) at room temperature. As a result, application of MNU reduced the germination percentage and germination rate of Stevia seeds as compared to the control group. Prolonged exposure to the highest concentration of MNU recorded the lowest percentage of germination (2.5 ± 1.4%) and the lowest germination rate (0.21 ± 0.16). Tricots were observed among seedlings treated with 0.13, 0.38 and 1.0 mM of MNU for 30 min. Presence of seedlings with albino colour proved the mutagenic effect of MNU on Stevia genome. Based on the percentage of seedlings with chlorophyll mutation, the most effective and ef cient mutagenic treatment to induce mutation was 60 min in 0.25 mM of MNU. ******************************************************** Stevia rebaudiana ialah tumbuhan unik yang mengandungi pemanis semula jadi tanpa kalori yang menarik minat ramai rakyat Malaysia. Dalam kajian ini, kesan kepekatan N-metil-N-nitrosourea (MNU) dikaji dalam mendorong mutasi pada biji Stevia untuk menghasilkan variasi genetik yang berguna untuk pembaikan tanaman. Biji Stevia direndam dalam larutan MNU dengan enam kepekataan berlainan (0.0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50 dan 1.00 mM) untuk empat tempoh yang berbeza (15, 30, 45 dan 60 minit) pada suhu bilik. Penggunaan MNU didapati mengurangkan peratus dan kadar percambahan biji Stevia berbanding dengan kumpulan kawalan. Pendedahan berpanjangan kepada kepekatan MNU yang tertinggi mencatatkan peratusan percambahan terendah (2.5 ± 1.4%) dan kadar percambahan terendah (0.21 ± 0.16). Anak benih dengan trikot dicerap pada kumpulan yang dirawat dengan 0.13, 0.38 dan 1.0 mM MNU selama 30 minit. Kehadiran anak benih dengan warna albino membuktikan kesan mutagen MNU pada genom Stevia. Berdasarkan peratusan anak benih dengan mutasi klorofil, rawatan mutagenik yang paling berkesan dan cekap untuk merangsang mutasi ialah selama 60 minit dalam 0.25 mM MNU

Effects of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea on seed germination of Stevia rebaudiana

Stevia rebaudiana is a unique plant that contains non-caloric natural sweetener and has gained much interest among Malaysians. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of N‑methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was assessed in inducing mutation in Stevia seeds to produce genetic variations, which is valuable for crop improvement. Stevia seeds were soaked in six concentrations of MNU (0.0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50, and 1.00 mM) for four different durations (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) at room temperature. As a result, application of MNU reduced the germination percentage and germination rate of Stevia seeds as compared to the control group. Prolonged exposure to the highest concentration of MNU recorded the lowest percentage of germination (2.5 ± 1.4%) and the lowest germination rate (0.21 ± 0.16). Tricots were observed among seedlings treated with 0.13, 0.38 and 1.0 mM of MNU for 30 min. Presence of seedlings with albino colour proved the mutagenic effect of MNU on Stevia genome. Based on the percentage of seedlings with chlorophyll mutation, the most effective and efficient mutagenic treatment to induce mutation was 60 min in 0.25 mM of MNU

VISUALIZING A FRAMEWORK FOR TANGIBILITY IN MULTIMEDIA LEARNING FOR PRESCHOOLERS

ABSTRAC

A Case On Vodafone Group PLC: Sustaining Its Competitive Advantage In Global Market Expansion

The analysis of this case study covers almost all aspects in the operations of Vodafone. Its starts with the introduction of the company itself and ends with the strategic plans of the company

A Pilot Study On Percent Free Prostate Specific Antigen As An Additional Tool In Prostate Cancer Screening

A cross sectional pilot study was carried out to look into the usefulness of percent free prostate specific antigen (fPSA) in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer in HUSM patients. All patients who attended surgical clinic and admitted to surgical wards with signs and symptoms of prostate problems during the study period were taken as the study subjects. Total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) was estimated by immunoassay technique and those values of 4 ng/mL or more were proceeded for estimation of fPSA. Using the cut-off value of less than 25% fPSA for diagnosing patients with prostate cancer, our study showed that majority of the prostate cancer patients have a ratio of fPSA:tPSA more than 25% and a significantly higher level of total prostate specific antigen (P<0.005) when compared with patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Unexpectedly, the fPSA values were high in patients diagnosed as prostate cancer compared to BPH. Ratio of percent fPSA to tPSA was found not to be sensitive and specific, in diagnosing prostate cancer at the cut-off value of 25%. In conclusion, total PSA is a more useful biochemical test for diagnosing prostate cancer in our patients

Designing a Motivated Tangible Multimedia System for Preschoolers

The paper examined the capability of a prototype of a tangible multimedia system that was augmented with tangible objects in motivating young preschoolers in learning. Preschoolers' learning behaviour is highly captivated and motivated by external physical stimuli. Hence, conventional multimedia which solely dependent on digital visual and auditory formats for knowledge delivery could potentially place them in inappropriate state of circumstances that are frustrating, boring, or worse, impede overall learning motivations. This paper begins by discussion with the objectives of the research, followed by research questions, hypotheses, ARCS model of motivation adopted in the process of macro-design, and the research instrumentation, Persuasive Multimedia Motivational Scale was deployed for measuring the level of motivation of subjects towards the experimental tangible multimedia. At the close, a succinct description of the findings of a relevant research is provided. In the research, a total of 248 preschoolers recruited from seven Malaysian kindergartens were examined. Analyses revealed that the tangible multimedia system improved preschoolers' learning motivation significantly more than conventional multimedia. Overall, the findings led to the conclusion that the tangible multimedia system is a motivation conducive multimedia for preschoolers

Effects of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea on seed germination of Stevia rebaudiana

Stevia rebaudiana is a unique plant that contains non-caloric natural sweetener and has gained much interest among Malaysians. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of N‑methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was assessed in inducing mutation in Stevia seeds to produce genetic variations, which is valuable for crop improvement. Stevia seeds were soaked in six concentrations of MNU (0.0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.38, 0.50, and 1.00 mM) for four different durations (15, 30, 45, and 60 min) at room temperature. As a result, application of MNU reduced the germination percentage and germination rate of Stevia seeds as compared to the control group. Prolonged exposure to the highest concentration of MNU recorded the lowest percentage of germination (2.5 ± 1.4%) and the lowest germination rate (0.21 ± 0.16). Tricots were observed among seedlings treated with 0.13, 0.38 and 1.0 mM of MNU for 30 min. Presence of seedlings with albino colour proved the mutagenic effect of MNU on Stevia genome. Based on the percentage of seedlings with chlorophyll mutation, the most effective and efficient mutagenic treatment to induce mutation was 60 min in 0.25 mM of MNU

Firewall Redundancy Rules Filtering Using Integrity Rules Checking

Securing your network plays a very crucial role in organizations, institutions, and personal home networks. A firewall is a first network defender that located at the entrance between a private network and the public network. Firewall had this job to monitor the arriving or leaving packet into and from the network, while making a decision whether to give permission or deny the packet based on its rules policy requirements. Commonly, there will be a large of firewall rules set are stored inside the firewall which each packet need to be compared sequentially with filtering until matching rules is found. A new strategy of integrity rules checking is proposed to reduce a firewall rules by analyzing the integrity among the firewall rules relationship to be checked for incoming packet. We believe that the proposed strategy will minimize the firewall rules set and undoubtedly optimize the time of firewall rules filtering